Yttrium — Y
Grundämnet Yttrium är ett grundämne av typen Övergångsmetall med symbolen Y. Det har en atommassa på 88.90584 u och elektronkonfigurationen [Kr] 4d1 5s2.
Synthétique
Radioactif
Liquide
Gaz
1523°
3337°
3337°
88.90584
39
1
2
3
2
3
Y
2
8
18
9
2
8
18
9
2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
1.22
6.2173
Diagram över elektronkonfiguration
egenskaper
- Atomnummer
- 39
- Atommassa
- 88.90584
- Symbol
- Y
- Smältpunkt
- 1523
- Kokpunkt
- 3337
- Densitet
- 4.469
- Period
- 5
- Grupp
- 3
- Upptäckt
- 1794 Gadolin
- Förekomst
- 33
- Radie
- 2.3
- Elektronegativitet
- 1.22
- Jonisering
- 6.2173
- Isotop
- 21
- Elektronkonfiguration
- [Kr] 4d1 5s2
- Oxidationstillstånd
- 1,2,3
- Elektron
- 2,8,18,9,2
Yttrium är det kemiska grundämnet med atomnummer 39 och symbolen Y. Det är en mjuk, silverfärgad metall, med en relativt låg densitet och ett mycket högt energiinnehåll. Det är mycket reaktivt och kan lätt bilda föreningar med många grundämnen.
De huvudsakliga kemiska egenskaperna hos yttrium är dess låga löslighet och dess förmåga att bilda oxider av sällsynta jordartsmetaller, vilket gör det användbart för att tillverka många legeringar, inklusive superlegeringen Inconel. Det används också vid tillverkning av infraröda ljusglas och för att tillverka smörjmedel.
yttrium används också som katalysator för flera kemiska reaktioner, inklusive dekarboxylering av aminosyror och hydrering av aromatiska kolväten. Det används också för produktion av lasrar, kristaller som reagerar på strålning och mekaniska processer.
Slutligen är yttrium en viktig komponent i många superkondensatorer, som är enheter som används för att lagra elektrisk energi vid mycket låga temperaturer. Det finns också medicinska tillämpningar för detta element, inklusive cancerbehandling och infektionsförebyggande.
Mineraler som innehåller Yttrium
| förnamn | Hårdhet | Densitet | Kemisk formel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adamsite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | NaY(CO3)2·6H2O |
| Aeschynite-(Y) | — | 4.85 | (Y,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| Agakhanovite-(Y) | — | 2.67 | YCa2KBe3Si12O30 |
| Agardite-(Ce) | — | 3.72 | Cu2+6Ce(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Agardite-(Nd) | — | 3.72 | Cu2+6Nd(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Agardite-(Y) | — | 3.66 | Cu2+6Y(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Allanite | — | 3.30 | CaCeAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Allanite-(La) | — | 3.93 | CaLaAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Allanite-(Y) | — | 3.30 | CaYAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Allendeite | — | 4.84 | Sc4Zr3O12 |
| Almeidaite | — | 0.00 | PbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O36(OH,O)2 |
| Aluminocerite-(Ce) | — | 4.68 | (Ce,Ca)9Al(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Alwilkinsite-(Y) | — | 3.37 | Y(UO2)3(SO4)2O(OH)3(H2O)7·7H2O |
| Ashcroftine-(Y) | — | 2.61 | K5Na5Y12Si28O70(OH)2(CO3)8·8H2O |
| Atelisite-(Y) | — | 4.26 | Y4Si3O8(OH)8 |
| Barrydawsonite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O9H |
| Bastnäsite-(Y) | — | 4.90 | YCO3F |
| Batievaite-(Y) | — | 3.45 | Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2·4H2O |
| Bijvoetite-(Y) | — | 3.90 | Y8(UO2)16O8(CO3)16(OH)8·39H2O |
| Bobtraillite | — | 3.16 | (Na,Ca)13Sr11(Zr,Y,Nb)14Si42B6O132(OH)12·12H2O |
| Britholite-(Y) | — | 4.25 | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| Bussyite-(Ce) | — | 3.00 | (Na,H2O)6(Ce,REE)3Be5MnSi9(O,OH)30F4 |
| Bussyite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | (Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,F,OH)34 |
| Byzantievite | — | 4.25 | Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4(PO4,SiO4)4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43·1.5H2O |
| Calciopetersite | — | 3.33 | Cu2+6Ca(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O |
| Calciosamarskite | — | 4.48 | (Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 |
| Calcybeborosilite-(Y) | — | 3.00 | (Y,REE,Ca)2(B,Be)2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2 |
| Cappelenite-(Y) | — | 4.40 | BaY6B6Si3O24F2 |
| Carbokentbrooksite | — | 3.14 | (Na)12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSi25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O |
| Cayalsite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | CaY6Al2Si4O18F6 |
| Caysichite-(Y) | — | 3.03 | (Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4Si8O20(CO3)6(OH)·7H2O |
| Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce) | — | 4.13 | (Ca,Ce,Y,Na)2Nb2(O,OH,F)7 |
| Cervandonite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)1-x+y(AsO3)1+x-y(OH)3x-3y, x=0.5, y=0.3 |
| Chernovite-(Y) | — | 4.87 | YAsO4 |
| Chiappinoite-(Y) | — | 3.07 | Y2Mn(Si3O7)4 |
| Chinleite-(Y) | — | 3.39 | NaY(SO4)2·H2O |
| Chukhrovite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Ca3CeAl2(SO4)F13·10H2O |
| Chukhrovite-(Nd) | — | 2.42 | Ca3NdAl2SO4F13·12H2O |
| Chukhrovite-(Y) | — | 2.27 | Ca3YAl2(SO4)F13·10H2O |
| Churchite-(Y) | — | 3.27 | YPO4·2H2O |
| Crichtonite | — | 4.46 | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| Davidite-(Ce) | — | 4.42 | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Davidite-(La) | — | 4.42 | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Davidite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | (Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)21O38 |
| Davisite | — | 0.00 | CaScAlSiO6 |
| Decrespignyite-(Y) | — | 3.64 | Y4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O |
| Dessauite-(Y) | — | 4.68 | Sr(Y,U,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| Donnayite-(Y) | — | 3.30 | NaSr3CaY(CO3)6·3H2O |
| Dusmatovite | — | 2.96 | KK2Mn2(Zn2LiSi12)O30 |
| Eudialyte | — | 2.80 | Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2 |
| Euxenite-(Y) | — | 4.70 | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ewaldite | — | 3.25 | Ba(Na,Ca,Y,Ce,K)(CO3)2·2.6H2O |
| Fergusonite-(Ce) | — | 5.48 | CeNbO4·0.3H2O |
| Fergusonite-(Y) | — | 4.30 | YNbO4 |
| Fergusonite-(Y)- | — | 0.00 | YNbO4 |
| Ferrokentbrooksite | — | 3.06 | Na15Ca6Fe2+3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl)2 |
| Fersmite | — | 4.69 | (Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6 |
| Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | — | 4.66 | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Fluorbritholite-(Y) | — | 4.61 | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Fluorcalciobritholite | — | 4.20 | (Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F |
| Fluorthalénite-(Y) | — | 4.24 | Y3Si3O10F |
| Fogoite-(Y) | — | 3.52 | Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| Formanite-(Y) | — | 7.03 | YTaO4 |
| Françoisite-(Nd) | — | 4.06 | Nd(UO2)3(PO4)2O(OH)·6H2O |
| Gadolinite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | Fe2+Be2Ce2(SiO4)2O2 |
| Gadolinite-(Y) | — | 4.00 | Fe2+Be2Y2(SiO4)2O2 |
| Gagarinite-(Y) | — | 4.21 | NaCaYF6 |
| Georgbarsanovite | — | 3.05 | Na12(Mn,Sr,REE)3Ca6Fe2+3Zr3NbSi25O76Cl2·H2O |
| Gerenite-(Y) | — | 3.30 | (Ca,Na)2Y3Si6O18·2H2O |
| Goudeyite | — | 3.50 | Cu2+6Al(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Gramaccioliite-(Y) | — | 4.66 | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| Grenmarite | — | 3.49 | Na4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| Hainite | — | 3.15 | Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| Hellandite-(Y) | — | 3.70 | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al(Be,Li)2-xB4Si4O22(OH)2 |
| Hingganite-(Ce) | — | 4.28 | BeCe(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hingganite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | BeY(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hingganite-(Yb) | — | 4.83 | BeYb(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hiortdahlite | — | 3.27 | (Na,Ca)2Ca4Zr(Mn,Ti,Fe)(Si2O7)2(F,O)4 |
| Hizenite-(Y) | — | 2.98 | Ca2Y6(CO3)11·14H2O |
| Horváthite-(Y) | — | 3.58 | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| Hundholmenite-(Y) | — | 5.21 | (Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)Cax(As3+)1-x(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48 |
| Hyalotekite | — | 3.81 | (Ba,Pb,K)4(Ca,Y)2(B,Be)2(Si,B)2Si8O28F |
| Iimoriite-(Y) | — | 4.47 | Y2(SiO4)(CO3) |
| Ishikawaite | — | 6.20 | (U,Fe,Y)NbO4 |
| Iwashiroite-(Y) | — | 7.10 | YTaO4 |
| Johnsenite-(Ce) | — | 3.20 | Na12Ce3Ca6Mn3Zr3WSi25O73(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Kainosite-(Y) | — | 3.40 | Ca2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3)·H2O |
| Kamotoite-(Y) | — | 3.93 | Y2O4(UO2)4(CO3)3·14H2O |
| Kamphaugite-(Y) | — | 3.19 | Ca2Y2(CO3)4(OH)2·3H2O |
| Kapitsaite-(Y) | — | 3.74 | Ba4Y2Si8B4O28F |
| Kapustinite | — | 2.78 | Na6ZrSi6O16(OH)2 |
| Keiviite-(Y) | — | 4.45 | Y2Si2O7 |
| Keiviite-(Yb) | — | 5.95 | Yb2Si2O7 |
| Kimuraite-(Y) | — | 2.60 | CaY2(CO3)4·6H2O |
| Kobeite-(Y) | — | 4.60 | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| Kochite | — | 3.32 | Na(Na,Ca)2Ca2(Mn,Ca)ZrTi(Si2O7)2(F,O)4 |
| Kozoite-(La) | — | 4.16 | LaCO3(OH) |
| Kuliokite-(Y) | — | 4.30 | Y4Al(SiO4)2(OH)2F5 |
| Lakargiite | — | 4.59 | CaZrO3 |
| Landauite | — | 4.42 | (Na,Pb)(Mn2+,Y)(Zn,Fe)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)18(O,OH,F)O38 |
| Laptevite-(Ce) | — | 4.66 | NaFe2+(REE7Ca5Y3)(SiO4)4(Si3B2PO18)(BO3)F11 |
| Lecoqite-(Y) | — | 2.36 | Na3Y(CO3)3·6H2O |
| Lepersonnite-(Gd) | — | 3.97 | CaGd2(UO2)24(CO3)8Si4O28·60H2O |
| Levinsonite-(Y) | — | 2.18 | YAl(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O |
| Lokkaite-(Y) | — | 2.92 | CaY4(CO3)7·9H2O |
| Loranskite-(Y) | — | 4.40 | (Y,Ce,Ca)(Zr,Ta)2O6 |
| Lusernaite-(Y) | — | 2.81 | Y4Al(CO3)2(OH)10F·6H2O |
| Magnesiorowlandite-(Y) | — | 4.82 | Y4(Mg,Fe)(Si2O7)2F2 |
| Mapiquiroite | — | 0.00 | (Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe2(Ti,Fe3+,Cr3+)18O38 |
| Mckelveyite-(Y) | — | 3.47 | NaBa3(Ca,U)Y(CO3)6·3H2O |
| Menzerite-(Y) | — | 4.31 | CaY2Mg2Si3O12 |
| Micheelsenite | — | 2.15 | (Ca,Y)3Al(PO3OH)CO3(OH)6·12H2O |
| Mieite-(Y) | — | 4.61 | Y4Ti(SiO4)2O[F,(OH)]6 |
| Minasgeraisite-(Y) | — | 4.25 | CaBe2Y2(SiO4)2O2 |
| Mineevite-(Y) | — | 2.85 | Na25BaY2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl |
| Miserite | — | 2.84 | KCa6Si8O22(OH) |
| Monteregianite-(Y) | — | 2.42 | KNa2YSi8O19·5H2O |
| Mosandrite | — | 3.29 | (Ca,Ce)4(Ca,Na)3Ti(Si2O7)2(H2O,OH,F)4·H2O |
| Moskvinite-(Y) | — | 2.91 | Na2KYSi6O15 |
| Moydite-(Y) | — | 3.13 | YB(OH)4CO3 |
| Murataite-(Y) | — | 4.00 | (Y,Na)6Zn(Zn,Fe3+)4(Ti,Nb,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4 |
| Natrotitanite | — | 3.83 | (Na0.5Y0.5)Ti(SiO4)O |
| Nioboaeschynite-(Y) | — | 5.34 | (Y,REE,Ca,Th,Fe)(Nb,Ti,Ta)2(O,OH)6 |
| Oftedalite | — | 2.61 | KSc2(Be3AlSi11)O30 |
| Okanoganite-(Y) | — | 4.35 | (Y,REE,Ca,Na,Th)16(Fe3+,Ti)(Si,B,P)10(O,OH)38F10 |
| Paraniite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | (Ca,Y,Dy)2Y(WO4)2AsO4 |
| Paratooite-(La) | — | 0.00 | (La,Ca,Na,Sr)6Cu(CO3)8 |
| Peatite-(Y) | — | 3.62 | LiNa3(Y,Na,Ca,HREE)3(PO4)3(CO3)(F,OH)2 |
| Percleveite-(Ce) | — | 5.21 | Ce2Si2O7 |
| Perettiite-(Y) | — | 4.53 | Y2Mn4FeSi2B8O24 |
| Petersite-(Y) | — | 3.41 | Cu2+6Y(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Piergorite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Ca8Ce2AlLiSi6B8O36(OH)2 |
| Pilawite-(Y) | — | 4.01 | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 |
| Písekite-(Y) | — | 4.03 | (Y,As,Ca,Fe,U)(Nb,Ti,Ta)O4 |
| Plumboagardite | — | 3.74 | Cu2+6(Pb,La,Nd,Ce,Ca)(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Plumbopyrochlore | — | 5.04 | (Pb,Y,U,Ca)2Nb2(O,OH)7 |
| Polycrase-(Y) | — | 4.97 | Y(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| Proshchenkoite-(Y) | — | 4.72 | (Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15CaFe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14 |
| Pyatenkoite-(Y) | — | 2.68 | Na5YTiSi6O18·6H2O |
| Ramikite-(Y) | — | 3.60 | Li2Na6(Y,Ca,REE)3Zr3(PO4)6(CO3)2O2(OH,F)2 |
| Reederite-(Y) | — | 2.91 | (Na,Mn)15Y2(CO3)9(SO3F)Cl |
| Rhabdophane-(Y) | — | 4.54 | YPO4·H2O |
| Rowlandite-(Y) | — | 4.50 | Fe2+Y4(Si2O7)2F2 |
| Samarskite-(Y) | — | 5.60 | (Y,Ce,U,Fe,Nb)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 |
| Samarskite-(Yb) | — | 7.03 | YbNbO4 |
| Saryarkite-(Y) | — | 3.07 | Ca(Y,Th)Al5(SiO4)2(PO4)2(OH)7·6H2O |
| Sazhinite-(La) | — | 0.00 | Na3LaSi6O15·2H2O |
| Sazykinaite-(Y) | — | 2.67 | Na5YZrSi6O18·6H2O |
| Schlüterite-(Y) | — | 4.64 | (Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2F |
| Schuilingite-(Nd) | — | 5.20 | CuPbNd(CO3)3(OH)·1.5H2O |
| Sejkoraite-(Y) | — | 4.04 | Y2[(UO2)8O6(SO4)4(OH)2]·26H2O |
| Senaite | — | 5.30 | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| Shabaite-(Nd) | — | 3.13 | CaNd2(UO2)(CO3)4(OH)2·6H2O |
| Shomiokite-(Y) | — | 2.52 | Na3Y(CO3)3·3H2O |
| Stornesite-(Y) | — | 3.20 | Na6(Ca5Na3)YMg43(PO4)36 |
| Synchysite-(Y) | — | 3.89 | CaY(CO3)2F |
| Tadzhikite-(Ce) | — | 3.73 | Ca4Ce3+2Ti(B4Si4O22)(OH)2 |
| Tadzhikite-(Y) | — | 3.73 | — |
| Takanawaite-(Y) | — | 6.97 | YTaO4 |
| Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | — | 5.75 | Y(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6 |
| Tanteuxenite-(Y) | — | 5.40 | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Taseqite | — | 3.24 | Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3Cl2 |
| Tassieite | — | 3.45 | NaCa2Mg3Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)6·2H2O |
| Tengerite-(Y) | — | 3.12 | Y2(CO3)3·2-3H2O |
| Thalénite-(Y) | — | 4.20 | Y3Si3O10F |
| Thomasclarkite-(Y) | — | 2.30 | NaY(HCO3)(OH)3·4H2O |
| Thortveitite | — | 3.50 | Sc2Si2O7 |
| Tombarthite-(Y) | — | 3.51 | Y4(Si,H4)4O12(OH)4 |
| Tranquillityite | — | 4.70 | Fe2+8Ti3Zr2Si3O24 |
| Trimounsite-(Y) | — | 5.00 | Y2Ti2O5SiO4 |
| Tritomite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) |
| Tritomite-(Y) | — | 3.05 | Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F) |
| Tveitite-(Y) | — | 3.00 | (Y,Na)6(Ca,Na,REE)12(Ca,Na)F42 |
| Uedaite-(Ce) | — | 4.19 | Mn2+CeAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Uranopolycrase | — | 5.50 | (U,Y)(Ti,Nb,Ta)2(O,OH)6 |
| Västmanlandite-(Ce) | — | 4.51 | Ce3CaMg2Al2Si5O19(OH)2F |
| Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | — | 4.02 | Y(Al,Si)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 |
| Waimirite-(Y) | — | 5.59 | YF3 |
| Wakefieldite-(La) | — | 4.70 | LaVO4 |
| Wakefieldite-(Y) | — | 4.21 | YVO4 |
| Xenotime-(Y) | — | 4.40 | YPO4 |
| Yakovenchukite-(Y) | — | 2.83 | K3NaCaY2Si12O30·4H2O |
| Yttriaite-(Y) | — | 5.07 | Y2O3 |
| Yttrialite-(Y) | — | 4.58 | Y2Si2O7 |
| Yttrobetafite-(Y) | — | 3.65 | (Y,U,Ce)2(Ti,Nb,Ta)2(O,OH)7 |
| Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | — | 5.70 | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Nb,Ta)O4 |
| Yttrocrasite-(Y) | — | 4.80 | (Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6 |
| Yttropyrochlore-(Y) | — | 3.60 | (Y,Na,Ca)2Nb2(O,OH)7 |
| Yttrotantalite-(Y) | — | 5.50 | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)4 |
| Yttrotungstite-(Ce) | — | 5.96 | CeW2O6(OH)3 |
| Yttrotungstite-(Y) | — | 5.96 | Y(W,Fe,Si,Al,Ti)2(O,OH,H2O)9 |
| Zálesíite | — | 3.49 | Cu2+6Ca(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O |
| Zirconolite | — | 4.80 | (Ca,Y)Zr(Ti,Mg,Al)2O7 |
| Zirconolite-3O | — | 4.70 | (Ca,Fe,Y,Th)2Fe(Ti,Nb)3Zr2O14 |