Nickel — Ni
Grundämnet Nickel är ett grundämne av typen Övergångsmetall med symbolen Ni. Det har en atommassa på 58.6934 u och elektronkonfigurationen [Ar] 3d8 4s2.
Synthétique
Radioactif
Liquide
Gaz
1453°
2732°
2732°
58.6934
28
-1
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Ni
2
8
16
2
8
16
2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
1.91
7.6398
Diagram över elektronkonfiguration
egenskaper
- Atomnummer
- 28
- Atommassa
- 58.6934
- Symbol
- Ni
- Smältpunkt
- 1453
- Kokpunkt
- 2732
- Densitet
- 8.912
- Period
- 4
- Grupp
- 10
- Upptäckt
- 1751 Cronstedt
- Förekomst
- 84
- Radie
- 1.6
- Elektronegativitet
- 1.91
- Jonisering
- 7.6398
- Isotop
- 11
- Elektronkonfiguration
- [Ar] 3d8 4s2
- Oxidationstillstånd
- -1,1,2,3,4
- Elektron
- 2,8,16,2
Nickel är ett metalliskt grundämne med symbolen Ni och atomnumret 28. Det finns i grupp 10 av övergångsmetallerna i grundämnenas periodiska system. Det är det femte vanligaste grundämnet i jordskorpan. nickel är en silvervit metall som har en kubisk kristallstruktur. Den är mjuk och duktil vid rumstemperatur och mycket duktil när den är varm. Den kan stansas, sträckas och formas till specifika former.
nickel har en hårdhet på 5 till 6 på Mohs-skalan och en smältpunkt på 1453°C. Det är en magnetisk metall. nickel kombineras lätt med andra element och bildar legeringar, särskilt rostfritt stål och aluminiumlegeringar, samt legeringar som innehåller kobolt och krom.
nickel används i många industriella tillämpningar, inklusive mekanik, elektronik och metallurgi. Det används ofta för att galvanisera metaller och förhindra korrosion. Det används också i stor utsträckning inom fordons-, flyg- och stålindustrin och används i bildelar, gasturbiner och flygmotorer. nickel används även i produkter som köksredskap och ugnar samt i smyckesindustrin.
Mineraler som innehåller Nickel
| förnamn | Hårdhet | Densitet | Kemisk formel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abelsonite | — | 1.45 | NiC31H32N4 |
| Aerugite | — | 5.85 | Ni8.5(AsO4)2As5+O8 |
| Ahlfeldite | — | 3.37 | NiSeO3·2H2O |
| Akaganeite | — | 3.00 | (Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25·nH2O |
| Allabogdanite | — | 7.11 | (Fe,Ni)2P |
| Alvanite | — | 2.41 | (Zn,Ni)Al4(VO3)2(OH)12·2H2O |
| Andreyivanovite | — | 0.00 | FeCrP |
| Ankinovichite | — | 2.48 | NiAl4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O |
| Annabergite | — | 3.00 | Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O |
| Antitaenite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Fe) |
| Aplowite | — | 2.33 | CoSO4·4H2O |
| Argentopentlandite | — | 4.00 | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Arhbarite | — | 0.00 | Cu2MgAsO4(OH)3 |
| Arsenohauchecornite | — | 6.35 | Ni18Bi3AsS16 |
| Arupite | — | 2.00 | Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O |
| Asbolane | — | 0.00 | Mn4+(O,OH)2·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O |
| Awaruite | — | 8.00 | Ni3Fe |
| Barringerite | — | 6.92 | (Fe,Ni)2P |
| Bismutohauchecornite | — | 6.00 | Ni9Bi2S8 |
| Bonaccordite | — | 5.17 | Ni2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| Bottinoite | — | 2.83 | Ni2+Sb5+2(OH)12·6H2O |
| Bouazzerite | — | 2.81 | Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe14(AsO4)18O12(OH)4·86H2O |
| Braggite | — | 10.00 | PtS |
| Breithauptite | — | 8.23 | NiSb |
| Brindleyite | — | 3.17 | (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| Bunsenite | — | 6.40 | NiO |
| Burgessite | — | 2.93 | Co2(H2O)4(AsO3OH)2·H2O |
| Butianite | — | 0.00 | Ni6SnS2 |
| Campo del cielo | — | 7.80 | FeNi |
| Carrboydite | — | 2.50 | (Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x<0.5, n>3x/2) |
| Carrollite | — | 4.50 | CuCo2S4 |
| Cassidyite | — | 3.10 | Ca2Ni(PO4)2·2H2O |
| Chukanovite | — | 3.60 | Fe2CO3(OH)2 |
| Clinosafflorite | — | 7.46 | CoAs2 |
| Cobaltlotharmeyerite | — | 0.00 | CaCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Cobaltneustädtelite | — | 5.81 | Bi2Fe3+(Co,Fe3+)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| Cobalttsumcorite | — | 5.31 | PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Cochromite | — | 5.22 | CoCr2O4 |
| Cohenite | — | 7.20 | Fe3C |
| Comblainite | — | 3.05 | Ni4Co3+2CO3(OH)12·3H2O |
| Cooperite | — | 9.50 | PtS |
| Decagonite | — | 0.00 | Al71Ni24Fe5 |
| Dienerite | — | 0.00 | Ni3As |
| Dissakisite-(La) | — | 3.79 | CaLaMgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Djerfisherite | — | 3.00 | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
| Donharrisite | — | 5.00 | Ni8Hg3S9 |
| Droninoite | — | 2.86 | Ni3Fe3+Cl(OH)8·2H2O |
| Dwornikite | — | 3.34 | NiSO4·H2O |
| Dymkovite | — | 0.00 | Ni(UO2)2(As3+O3)2·7H2O |
| Ernienickelite | — | 3.84 | NiMn4+3O7·3H2O |
| Falcondoite | — | 2.54 | Ni4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O |
| Ferhodsite | — | 0.00 | (Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Pt)9S8 |
| Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | — | 0.00 | (Fe,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe)8O15(OH) |
| Ferronickelplatinum | — | 15.39 | Pt2FeNi |
| Ferroskutterudite | — | 0.00 | FeAs3 |
| Fletcherite | — | 4.00 | CuNi2S4 |
| Florenskyite | — | 0.00 | FeTiP |
| Garnièrite | — | 2.60 | (Ni, Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Garutiite | — | 11.33 | (Ni,Fe,Ir) |
| Gaspéite | — | 3.71 | NiCO3 |
| Gersdorffite-P213 | — | 0.00 | NiAsS |
| Gersdorffite-Pa3 | — | 5.98 | NiAsS |
| Gersdorffite-Pca21 | — | 6.19 | NiAsS |
| Gillardite | — | 0.00 | Cu3NiCl2(OH)6 |
| Glaukosphaerite | — | 3.78 | CuNiCO3(OH)2 |
| Godlevskite | — | 5.27 | (Ni,Fe)9S8 |
| Goldquarryite | — | 2.78 | CuCd2Al3(PO4)4F3·10H2O |
| Guarinoite | — | 2.80 | Zn6SO4(OH)10·5H2O |
| Haapalaite | — | 3.58 | 2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2] |
| Halamishite | — | 0.00 | Ni5P4 |
| Hapkeite | — | 0.00 | Fe2Si |
| Hauchecornite | — | 6.36 | Ni9BiSbS8 |
| Haxonite | — | 7.70 | (Fe,Ni)23C6 |
| Heazlewoodite | — | 5.82 | Ni3S2 |
| Hellyerite | — | 1.97 | NiCO3·6H2O |
| Hexamolybdenum | — | 11.90 | (Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os) |
| Hexatestibiopanickelite | — | 8.94 | (Ni,Pd)(Te,Sb) |
| Hloušekite | — | 3.30 | (Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O |
| Honessite | — | 0.00 | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2) |
| Honzaite | — | 0.00 | Ni2(AsO3OH)2·5H2O |
| Horomanite | — | 6.44 | Fe6Ni3S8 |
| Hydrohonessite | — | 2.64 | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2) |
| Hydrombobomkulite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3)2(SO4)(OH)12·14H2O |
| Jamborite | — | 2.67 | Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x·nH2O where [x=1/3; n=(1-x)] |
| Jolliffeite | — | 7.10 | NiAsSe |
| Kambaldaite | — | 3.18 | NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O |
| Karpinskite | — | 2.53 | (Mg,Ni)2Si2O5(OH)2(?) |
| Keystoneite | — | 4.40 | H0.8Mg0.8(Ni,Fe3+,Mn)2(Te4+O3)3·5H2O |
| Kharaelakhite | — | 7.78 | (Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8 |
| Kitkaite | — | 7.19 | NiTeSe |
| Kolovratite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Zn)xVO4·nH2O |
| Krutovite | — | 7.00 | NiAs2 |
| Kullerudite | — | 6.72 | NiSe2 |
| Kurumsakite | — | 4.03 | Zn8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O |
| Langisite | — | 8.17 | CoAs |
| Lapieite | — | 4.97 | CuNiSbS3 |
| Lawrencite | — | 3.16 | FeCl2 |
| Liebenbergite | — | 4.60 | Ni2SiO4 |
| Mackinawite | — | 4.00 | (Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07) |
| Majakite | — | 9.33 | PdNiAs |
| Mäkinenite | — | 7.00 | NiSe |
| Maucherite | — | 7.83 | Ni11As8 |
| Mbobomkulite | — | 2.30 | (Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3,SO4)2(OH)12·3H2O |
| Melliniite | — | 7.88 | (Ni,Fe)4P |
| Melonite | — | 7.30 | NiTe2 |
| Menshikovite | — | 10.65 | Pd3Ni2As3 |
| Metarauchite | — | 3.81 | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O |
| Millerite | — | 5.50 | NiS |
| Monipite | — | 0.00 | MoNiP |
| Moorhouseite | — | 1.97 | CoSO4·6H2O |
| Morenosite | — | 2.00 | NiSO4·7H2O |
| Mountkeithite | — | 2.12 | Mg11Fe3+3(SO4)3.5(OH)24·11H2O |
| Mückeite | — | 5.88 | CuNiBiS3 |
| Nakauriite | — | 2.39 | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O |
| Negevite | — | 0.00 | NiP2 |
| Népouite | — | 2.50 | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Nichromite | — | 5.24 | NiCr2O4 |
| Nickel | — | 7.80 | Ni |
| Nickelalumite | — | 2.24 | (Ni,Cu2+)Al4(SO4,NO3)(OH)12·3H2O |
| Nickelaustinite | — | 4.30 | CaNiAsO4(OH) |
| Nickelbischofite | — | 1.93 | NiCl2·6H2O |
| Nickelblödite | — | 2.43 | Na2Ni(SO4)2·4H2O |
| Nickelboussingaultite | — | 0.00 | (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O |
| Nickelhexahydrite | — | 2.07 | NiSO4·6H2O |
| Nickeline | — | 7.78 | NiAs |
| Nickellotharmeyerite | — | 4.45 | CaNi2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Nickelphosphide | — | 0.00 | Ni3P |
| Nickelpicromerite | — | 2.22 | K2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O |
| Nickelschneebergite | — | 5.23 | BiNi2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O |
| Nickelskutterudite | — | 6.50 | NiAs3-x |
| Nickeltalmessite | — | 3.74 | Ca2Ni(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Nickeltsumcorite | — | 5.02 | Pb(Ni,Fe3+)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2 |
| Nickelzippeite | — | 4.30 | Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10·16H2O |
| Nimite | — | 3.19 | (Ni,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Nisbite | — | 8.00 | NiSb2 |
| Nisnite | — | 9.41 | Ni3Sn |
| Nullaginite | — | 3.56 | Ni2CO3(OH)2 |
| Nuwaite | — | 0.00 | Ni6GeS2 |
| Nybøite | — | 3.12 | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Omsite | — | 3.38 | (Ni,Cu)2Fe3+(OH)6[Sb(OH)6] |
| Orcelite | — | 7.50 | Ni5-xAs2 (x=0.23) |
| Oregonite | — | 6.92 | FeNi2As2 |
| Otwayite | — | 3.41 | Ni2CO3(OH)2·H2O |
| Owensite | — | 4.78 | (Ba,Pb)6(Cu1+,Fe,Ni)25S27 |
| Paganoite | — | 0.00 | NiBi3+OAsO4 |
| Pakhomovskyite | — | 2.71 | Co3(PO4)2·8H2O |
| Paraotwayite | — | 3.30 | Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x |
| Pararammelsbergite | — | 7.20 | NiAs2 |
| Paratacamite-(Ni) | — | 3.74 | Cu3(Ni,Cu)Cl2(OH)6 |
| Parkerite | — | 8.50 | Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2 |
| Pecoraite | — | 3.84 | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Penroseite | — | 6.58 | NiSe2 |
| Pentlandite | — | 4.60 | (Ni,Fe)9S8 |
| Perryite | — | 7.00 | (Ni,Fe)8(Si,P)3 |
| Petewilliamsite | — | 4.90 | (Ni,Co)30(As2O7)15 |
| Polydymite | — | 4.50 | Ni3S4 |
| Rammelsbergite | — | 7.10 | NiAs2 |
| Rappoldite | — | 0.00 | PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Rauchite | — | 3.43 | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O |
| Redingtonite | — | 1.76 | Fe2+Cr2(SO4)4·22H2O |
| Reevesite | — | 2.80 | Ni6Fe3+2CO3(OH)16·4H2O |
| Retgersite | — | 2.07 | NiSO4·6H2O |
| Roaldite | — | 7.21 | (Fe,Ni)4N |
| Ruthenarsenite | — | 10.00 | (Ru,Ni)As |
| Samaniite | — | 4.89 | Cu2Fe5Ni2S8 |
| Scheuchzerite | — | 3.47 | NaMn2+9Si9V5+O28(OH)4 |
| Schneebergite | — | 5.28 | BiCo2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O |
| Schreibersite | — | 7.00 | (Fe,Ni,Cr)3P |
| Sederholmite | — | 7.00 | NiSe |
| Seinäjokite | — | 0.00 | FeSb2 |
| Shandite | — | 8.72 | Pb2Ni3S2 |
| Siegenite | — | 4.50 | CoNi2S4 |
| Skutterudite | — | 6.50 | (Co,Ni,Fe)As3 |
| Smythite | — | 4.32 | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x = 0 to 0.3) |
| Sudburyite | — | 9.00 | PdSb |
| Suessite | — | 7.08 | Fe3Si |
| Sugakiite | — | 0.00 | Cu(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Szymanskiite | — | 4.00 | Hg16Ni6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8·3H2O |
| Taenite | — | 7.80 | (Ni,Fe) |
| Takovite | — | 2.80 | Ni6Al2CO3(OH)16·4H2O |
| Talnakhite | — | 4.29 | Cu9Fe8S16 |
| Tellurohauchecornite | — | 6.00 | Ni9BiTeS8 |
| Tetrataenite | — | 8.28 | FeNi |
| Thalfenisite | — | 5.26 | Tl6(Fe,Ni)25S26Cl |
| Theophrastite | — | 4.00 | Ni(OH)2 |
| Thérèsemagnanite | — | 2.52 | NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O |
| Transjordanite | — | 0.00 | Ni2P |
| Trevorite | — | 5.17 | NiFe3+2O4 |
| Trüstedtite | — | 6.00 | Ni3Se4 |
| Tucekite | — | 6.00 | Ni9Sb2S8 |
| Tyrrellite | — | 6.00 | (Co,Cu,Ni)3Se4 |
| Ullmannite | — | 6.65 | NiSbS |
| Vaesite | — | 4.45 | NiS2 |
| Vavrínite | — | 7.79 | Ni2SbTe2 |
| Villamanínite | — | 4.52 | CuS2 |
| Violarite | — | 4.50 | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| Vozhminite | — | 6.20 | Ni4AsS2 |
| Vysotskite | — | 6.69 | (Pd,Ni)S |
| Westerveldite | — | 8.00 | FeAs |
| Widgiemoolthalite | — | 3.13 | Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2·4-5H2O |
| Wilkmanite | — | 6.00 | Ni3Se4 |
| Willemseite | — | 3.31 | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Willyamite | — | 6.76 | CoSbS |
| Wupatkiite | — | 1.87 | CoAl2(SO4)4·22H2O |
| Xanthiosite | — | 5.37 | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| Yarlongite | — | 7.19 | Cr4Fe4NiC4 |
| Zaccariniite | — | 0.00 | RhNiAs |
| Zaratite | — | 2.60 | Ni3CO3(OH)4·4H2O |
| Zlatogorite | — | 8.21 | CuNiSb2 |